Vomitingischaracterizedbyfailureofthestomach-qitodescendandthrowingupthecontentsofthestomachfromthemouth.VomitingmaybefoundindiseasesinWesternmedicinesuchasacutegastritis,spasmofcardia,diseasesofliver,gallbladderandpancreas,someacuteinfectiousdiseases,dis...[繼續閱讀]

    Hiccup,alsocalledbelching,ismanifestedasanupwardadverseflowofqiwithloudsoundinthethroat,whichisshort,frequentandinvoluntary.HiccupisoftenfoundindiaphramaticspasmandatseriousstagesofmanyacuteandchronicdiseasesinWesternmedicine.Hiccupisoftencausedbyimpairme...[繼續閱讀]

    Dysphagiaismanifestedasdyscatabrosis,aphagiaandvomitingaftermeals.Itisfoundinesophagitis,diverticulumofesophagus,carcinomaofesophagus,esophagealachalasia,cardiaccancer,carcinomaofstomachandgastricneurosisinwesternmedicine.Itscauseisoftenrelatedwithdiet,em...[繼續閱讀]

    Stomach-acheismanifestedaspaininthestomachandupperabdominalregions.ThisdiseaseinWesternmedicinepertainstothecategoriesofacuteandchronicgastritis,gastroduodenalulcer,gastroptosisandgastroneurosis.Itisofteninducedbycoldinvadinginside,improperfoodintake,anxi...[繼續閱讀]

    Abdominalpainreferstopainwhichoccursinthepartsunderthestomachandthehypochondria,andabovethepubis.Manyfunctionalandorganicdiseasesofinternalmedicine,surgery,orthopedicsandgynecologyareinvolvedinthedisease.Thecontentofthischapterwilldiscussthediseasesofinte...[繼續閱讀]

    Diarrheaismanifestedasloosestoolorwaterystoolevenlikewaterwhichmayoccurmanytimesaday.InWesternmedicine,thediseaseiscategorizedasacuteandchronicenteritis,intestinaldisturbance,irritablecolonandintestinaltuberculosis.Itiscausedbyaffectionofexopathogenssucha...[繼續閱讀]

    Dysenteryismanifestedmainlyasabdominalpain,tenesmus,diarrheaandredorwhitemucousstoolwithpusandblood.InWesternmedicinethisdiseasebelongstothecategoryofbacillarydysenteryandamebicdysentery.Schistosomiasis,regionalenteritis(chronicdisease)andchroniculcerativ...[繼續閱讀]

    Constipationreferstoaconditioninwhichdrystoolisdifficulttodefecateanddefecationtimeisprolonged.InWesternmedicine,thediseaseiscategorizedashabitualconstipation,seniledrainagedifficulty,weaknessofabdominalmuscles,dysfunctionofcolonictension,malnutrition,obs...[繼續閱讀]

    Bleedingfromthegumiscalledgingivalhemorrhage.InWesternmedicinethediseaseisfoundingingivitis,chronichepatitis,hepatocirrhosis,renalfailureanddiseasesofthebloodsystem.Itisoftencausedbyflaringupofthestomach-fire,deficiencyofliver-yinandkidney-yin,leadingtofl...[繼續閱讀]

    Bleedingfromthenoseiscalledepistaxis.InWesternmedicinethediseaseisfoundindiseasesofthenose,dysfunctionoftheliverandkidney,hypertensionanddiseasesofthebloodsystem.Itiscausedbypathogenicwind-heatanddryness-heat,orbyintakeofgreasy,sweetandpungentfood,andsmok...[繼續閱讀]