‘Adrugisnotadrug’because,whenadministeredtoahumanbeing,inthegeneralcase,itcontains:●Activecompoundatadosewithinalimitedrange,sometimesasaracemicmixture.●Manufacturingimpurities.●Oneormoreexcipients.●Degradantsoftheactivecompound.●Degradantsoftheimpurities...[繼續閱讀]

    Thepresentthemeissue,whichhighlightsthepharmaceuticalperspectiveonpolymorphism,followsanearlierthemeissueon“CharacterizationoftheSolidState”,whichhighlightsthefundamentalaspectsofthisphenomenon.Currentresearchareasofgreatestfundamentalinterestare:(a)deter...[繼續閱讀]

    Pharmaceuticsisamultidisciplinaryappliedscienceconcernedwithdeliveringandmaintainingappropriatedrugconcentrationsattargetsitesinthebodyforappropriatetimes,thusalleviatingdiseasebyoptimizingdrugeffectsovertime.Itincludesdrugproducttechnology,biopharmaceuti...[繼續閱讀]

    Recentadvancesinpulmonarydrugdelivery,stimulatedbythe“phase-out”ofchlorofluorocarbon(CFC)propellantsinpressurizedinhalerstogetherwiththedesiretousethelungsasaportaltothesystemiccirculation,haveresultedinsignificantinterestinthistechnology.Theresearchiscon...[繼續閱讀]

    Aabsolutebioavailability絕對生物利用度absorbance吸收率adhesive帶粘性的,膠粘;粘合劑aerosol浮質(氣體中的懸浮微粒,如煙、霧等);[化]氣溶膠,氣霧劑,煙霧劑amorphous無定形的,無組織的amphiphilicagent兩親劑ampule一次用量的針劑;安瓿(=ampoule)antifoa...[繼續閱讀]

    Proteinsaretheagentsofbiologicalfunction.Virtuallyeverycellularactivityisdependentononeormoreparticularproteins.Thus,aconvenientwaytoclassifytheenormousnumberofproteinsisbythebiologicalrolestheyfill.EnzymesByfarthelargestclassofproteinsisenzymes.Morethan3...[繼續閱讀]

    First,biochemistryisanintrinsicallybeautifulandfascinatingbodyofknowledge.Wenowknowtheessenceandmanyofthedetailsofthemostfundamentalprocessesinbiochemistry,suchashowasinglemoleculeofDNAreplicatestogeneratetwoidenticalcopiesofitselfandhowthesequenceofbases...[繼續閱讀]

    GenesCodeforParticularProteinsThefirstscientisttoinvestigatethequestionofhowgenesaffectphenotypewasSirArchibaldGarrod,whosestudiesofalkaponuriaimpliedarelationshipbetweengenesandenzymes.ThirtyyearslaterBeadleandEphrussishowedarelationshipbetweenparticular...[繼續閱讀]

    Oneimportantapplicationofgenomicsisthediscoveryofthelevelsofallthegenesinanorganismatanyonetime,usingDNAchipsorsimilartoolsthatmeasurelevelsofmRNAs.Thiskindoffunctionalgenomicsstrategyusuallyfocusesonthegenetranscriptsinacellatagiventime.Ifweweretoconside...[繼續閱讀]

    DespitecontinuingpovertyinmanypartsoftheworldandthedevastatingeffectsofHIVandAIDSinfectionontheAfricancontinentandelsewhere,thehealthoftheworld’spopulationisprogressivelyimproving.Thisisreflectedintheincreaseinlifeexpectancythathasbeenrecordedforthegreatm...[繼續閱讀]